99 Counties

Every county has a story to tell.

Development of Iowa's 99 Counties

Learn how Iowa counties were formed and have changed over a 36 year span from 1836 to 1872.

Question

How has the county map of Iowa changed over time?

Development of Iowa's 99 Counties

Learn how Iowa counties were formed and have changed over a 36 year span from 1836 to 1872.

How has the county map of Iowa changed over time?

99 Counties Tour

Every county in Iowa has a story to tell! Investigate the history and discover the science behind the story of Iowa.

What stories do you already know about Iowa? What questions do you have about your county or Iowa?

Adair

Iowa Aviation Museum

The size, shape and function of airplanes have changed over time, and Iowans have played a role in the development of flight as we know it today.

How have airplanes changed over time?

Adams

Corning Opera House

Much of the design of Corning Opera House was modeled after the very popular works of William Shakespeare.

Why was the Corning Opera House called an opera house when no operas have ever been performed there?

Allamakee

Fish Farm Mounds

What may appear to be simple grass covered mounds are actually sacred Native American burial grounds.

What purpose did the mounds hold for the Native Americans who created them?

Appanoose

Coal Mining

As far back as the 1850s, coal mines were part of Appanoose County. Experience what an Iowa coal mine was like and how the coal was used.

What role has coal mining played in Iowa’s history?

Audubon

Birds of America

John James Audubon was renowned for his beautiful bird paintings and published a book featuring 430 species.

What can you learn about Audubon County by observing and investigating what you see?

Benton

Artesian Well

Obtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that it can be solid or liquid.

How does the water from an artesian well get to the surface of the land?

Black Hawk

Ice House Museum

The Ice House Museum teaches us about how people preserved their food before refrigerators and freezers were used.

How did people keep food cold before refrigerators were used?

Boone

Kate Shelley Bridge

Explore how Kate Shelley, an ordinary young girl did an extraordinary thing.

How can ordinary people become heroes?

Buchanan

Wapsipinicon Mill

Today, your family probably buys bread at the market, but once upon a time you had to make the ingredients and then bake your own bread at home.

How might people have used natural resources to produce goods in the past?

Calhoun

Massive Meteorite

Millions of years ago a massive meteorite left a 27 mile wide crater in Manson county!

What evidence do we have that a meteorite left a crater in Iowa?

Carroll

German Hausbarn

German settlers came to Iowa to establish farms and start new lives, but they continued to live in structures that suited their old lives in Germany.

What is unique about the German Hausbarn?

Cass

Safe House on the Underground Railroad

Reverend George Hitchcock was an abolitionist who supported freedom seekers on the Underground Railroad.

Why is it impossible to know the details of how freedom seekers moved through Iowa?

Cedar

Hooverball

Being President is a busy job, without much time for exercise. The Presidential doctors got creative when it came to keeping the only President from Iowa, Herbert Hoover, healthy and fit.

Why do you think it was important for President Hoover to find a unique way to stay fit?

Cerro Gordo

The Surf Ballroom

The Surf Ballroom is a famous and historic music and dance hall. It's a place to go have fun with friends and hear all kinds of music. It is also famous for a much sadder tale.

How can music bring people together?

Clarke

Osceola Train Depot

This train depot has been restored to its original beauty and continues to function in the same way.

Why is train travel less popular today than it was when the Osceola Train Depot was first built?

Clayton

Froelich Tractor Museum

The first successful gasoline-powered tractor was built here in Iowa!

What tools were used by farmers before the gasoline powered tractor was invented?

Clinton

Big Lumber Business

The lumber industry in Iowa was essential for building construction, generating significant profits for lumber barons, while posing dangers for workers.

How did the lumber business impact natural resources and how were those natural resources protected thereafter?

Crawford

Oscar Winner from Iowa

An Iowa girl turned megastar who broke gender norms in the workplace is being celebrated in Denison.

What types of work did Donna Reed do in Hollywood in addition to acting?

Dallas

Brick Factory

Brick is one of the oldest building materials in the world. Learn about brick construction at the United Brick and Tile Company.

Why are bricks a good building material?

Dickinson

Kettlehole State Preserve

Hiking off the beaten path is a great way to discover diverse habitats and unique geological features like a kettle hole.

What habitats can you identify at the Freda Haffner Kettlehole State Preserve?

Franklin

Power Plant

The REA Power Plant Museum displays artifacts and photographs documenting the work bringing electricity to rural parts of Iowa.

How do you think the Rural Electrification Act changed the quality of life for Iowans?

Fremont

Rodeo Town USA

Cowboys and cowgirls come to Iowa to compete in a world-famous rodeo that draws thousands of spectators from across the country.

How has the rodeo changed over the years?

Greene

RVP 1875 - Historical Furniture Shop

Before electric power tools, hand-and-foot powered tools were what people used to build things. At RVP 1875, these tools are still used to build furniture today.

How do you think furniture was made before power tools? 

Grundy

Herbert Quick Schoolhouse

When pioneers first began coming to Iowa, they established one-room schoolhouses all over the state. 

Where could kids in the Iowa territory go to school before Iowa officially become a state?

Hamilton

Little Wall Lake

Long ago, glaciers covered parts of Iowa. As they melted, they left behind lakes, like Little Wall Lake in Hamilton County.

What evidence of glaciers might we be able to see today?

Hancock

National Hobo Museum

Britt, Iowa is home to the National Hobo Museum and the National Hobo Convention. Hobos have played an important role in this community and in our state.

How do you think hobos have impacted Iowa over time?

Hardin

Maynes Creek Chert

Understanding the material that was used to make artifacts helps us know a lot about the indigenous people who lived here.

What can we learn about the indigenous people of Iowa from the artifacts found in Hardin County?

Harrison

Steamboat Bertrand

The Steamboat Bertrand sank while traveling on the Missouri River in the 1860s. It was carrying people to mining towns in Montana, seeking to make a better life for themselves.

Why might people take risks to improve their lives? 

Henry

Swedish Dala Horse

The Swedish American Museum in Swedesburg presents artifacts from early settlers including clothing, farming tools and toys!

Describe the unique toy that children from Sweden have played with for centuries.

Howard

Remnant Prairie

Hayden Prairie State Preserve is both peaceful and beautiful, and it is one of the few remnant prairies in Iowa.

What makes a remnant prairie so special?

Humboldt

American Heavyweight Champion

Frank Gotch made history in the sport of wrestling. Learn how is accomplishment paved the way for young wrestlers today.

How have Iowans made a impact in the world?

Ida

A City of Castles

Ida Grove is known as Castletown, USA. One influential person played a big role in building the many buildings that look like castles.

How much influence can one person have on a place or time?

Iowa

The Amana Colonies

German immigrants in the Amana Colonies once thrived in a communal lifestyle. Today, the colonies welcome visitors and are known for their hospitality!

Describe a communal lifestyle. What are the benefits and why would one choose a more independent lifestyle?

Jackson

Hurstville Lime Kilns

Huge kilns in Jackson County were once used to turn limestone into lime powder, an important ingredient in mortar.

Why was Hurstville the perfect place to build lime kilns?

Jasper

Wagaman Mill

The Wagaman Mill in Lynnville was built in a very strategic place to take advantage of the power of a nearby river. 

Why were mills often built along rivers? 

Johnson

Meteorite

On the same day that the Old Capitol building became part of the University of Iowa, a meteorite fell to Earth, connecting these two events in history.

Why do you think meteors fall to the Earth?

Kossuth

Trumpeter Swans

At the Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, swans are being protected from hunting by protecting and preserving resources and the environment.

Why is it important to protect and preserve Iowa’s resources and environments?

Lee

Keokuk-Hamilton Dam

Learn how the town of Keokuk overcame travel and trading obstacles on the river using engineering solutions.

How did humans overcome natural barriers with engineering solutions in the past?

Linn

Glacial Erratic Rock

Waldo's Rock Park in Marion, Iowa is home to a large rock that doesn't match any others around it. Instead, it matches rocks found in Minnesota. This rock is an example of a glacial erratic, moved and left behind by a glacier.

What evidence of glaciers can we see today?

Louisa

Lover's Leap Swinging Bridge

The Lover's Leap Swinging Bridge was built to solve a problem for citizens.

Why might it be valuable to consider multiple solutions to a problem? 

Lucas

Homemade Candy

The recipes for the homemade candy and hand-dipped chocolate at Piper's Grocery Store have never changed!

In what ways has Piper’s Grocery Store changed business practices while also staying the same?

Lyon

Surface Bed Rock

Gitchie Manitou means Great Spirit. This state preserve offers a unique look at bedrock because it is right at the surface.

Why is some bedrock smoother than others?

Madison

Iowa's Only Highway Tunnel

Pammel State Park is the home of the only highway tunnel in Iowa.

Why do you think Iowa has such few tunnels? 

Mahaska

Mule Cemetery

The Nelson Pioneer Farm in Oskaloosa is the home of a rare cemetery just for mules. 

Why might people hold honored regard for their animals?

Marion

Lost Towns of Red Rock

Lake Redrock is a manmade lake. When it was made, several towns were submerged under the surface and are now known as the Lost Towns of Lake Red Rock.

How do you think landforms impact where people live?

Monona

Chocolate Covered Ice Cream Bar

A caring adult recognized a child's need and addressed it with chocolate-covered ice cream!

How did a local teacher come up with the idea to combine chocolate and ice cream?

Muscatine

Pearl Buttons

Today, buttons are made of plastic. But not too long ago, Muscatine, Iowa was the button capitol of the world. They specialized in making pearl buttons. 

What are the pros and cons of making buttons out of mussel shells versus plastic?

O'Brien

Resource Rich Landscape

The landscape in O'Brien County, rich in natural resources, provided an ideal location for settlement by Native Americans.

What natural resources were utilized in early settlements in O’Brien County?

Osceola

Hawkeye Point

Hawkeye Point in Osceola County is the highest natural point in Iowa, standing at 1670 feet!

What environmental event in Iowa’s history helped shape the land?

Palo Alto

The Grotto of the Redemption

The small town of West Bend, Iowa is home to a huge feat of engineering and design success. Let's see how one man's vision resulted in a beautiful, above ground "cave" is called The Grotto of the Redemption.

How did availability of materials and time impact the construction of the Grotto?

Polk

The Jordan House

The Jordan House is one of the oldest homes in Polk County. The history of the house includes keeping a very important secret.

How can people work together to change history?

Pottawattamie

White Bison

A rare white bison can be seen at Botna Bend Park in Pottawattamie County. A rare combination of genes gives this bison it's color. 

Why do you think that living things look similar to their parents?

Poweshiek

Serv-a-Son Chocolate Bar

During Brooklyn, Iowa's Flag Day celebration, the town recreated "Serv-a-Son" chocolate bars, which lifted the spirits of Iowa soldiers during World War II.

What do you think was the most meaningful part of the soldiers receiving these candy bars?

Sac

Barn Quilts

In Sac County, the barn quilts are particularly noticeable. Explore how this type of artistic expression has brought a community together.

How can art bring a community together?

Shelby

Danish Vikinghjem

The Danish population of Elkhorn loves to share their culture. A Vikinghjem is a blacksmith's home.

What is a blacksmith’s job and how is Vikinghjem different from other homes?

Sioux

Tulip Festival

A celebration of Dutch heritage includes all kinds of traditional food, clothing and the national flower.

List examples of Dutch traditions celebrated at the Tulip Festival.

Story

Story City Antique Carousel

This hand-carved antique carousel has been a source of entertainment since 1913. Next time you pass by on Interstate 35, stop by for a ride on one of its horses, pigs, chickens or chariots.

What are some similarities and differences between entertainment from the past and present?

Wapello

Rock Island Train Depot

There was a time when no Iowa town was more than five miles from a train depot. For some towns, like Eldon, the railroad was a way of life. 

Why were train depots important in Iowa towns?

Warren

National Hot Air Balloon Museum

Discover the history of balloon travel and learn about some of the trials and errors of perfecting the science of balloon flight.

What is the preferred method of balloon flight and why?

Washington

Washington's State Theatre

The State Theatre is the world's oldest continually operating movie theater. Since being invented, movies have become an important part of entertainment for people all over the world.

How do you think technology has changed the ways that people are entertained?

Wayne

Artifacts from Ag History

The Prairie Trails Museum in Wayne County has all kinds of displays and artifacts from Iowa’s history.

Describe how an early wooden corn planter works.

Webster

Blanden Art Museum

Charles Blanden was a smart businessman with an appreciation for the arts!

Why did Blanden want to open an art museum? What types of art will you find in the museum?

Winnebago

Winnebago Industries

Recreational vehicles are designed to meet the needs of campers on the go!

What considerations need to be made when creating an RV?

Winneshiek

Ice Caves

Hiking to the ice caves of Decorah is a fun and educational adventure!

Describe how the inside of the ice cave stays cool all summer long.

Worth

Tiny Church

A local collector of antiques and curiosities donates a tiny church to the Worth County Historical Society.

What makes the tiny church in Worth County so special?

Wright

Quasdorf Blacksmith and Wagon Museum

Blacksmiths made and repaired tools. The Quasdorf Blacksmith and Wagon Museum gives an authentic feel of what a blacksmith's shop was like.

Why might blacksmiths have played an important role to a town in the past?